Gingivitis

Gingivitis is inflammation of the gums, and it is the earliest and mildest form of gum disease. It is usually caused by plaque, the sticky film of bacteria that builds up along the gum line when it is not removed by brushing and cleaning between the teeth. The good news is that at this stage it is generally reversible.

Because the early signs can be easy to overlook, gingivitis is often noticed at a check-up. Spotting it early and acting on it is the simplest way to keep it from progressing.

Healthy gums tend to look firm and pale pink and do not usually bleed with normal brushing. With gingivitis, the gums may become red, puffy or tender, and they often bleed when brushing or cleaning between the teeth. Bad breath can sometimes be associated with it too.

Gingivitis can often be brought under control with a professional clean to remove plaque and hardened deposits, combined with good daily oral hygiene at home. A dentist or hygienist can show you techniques for brushing and cleaning between the teeth that suit your mouth.

Left unmanaged, gingivitis can in some people progress to a more advanced form of gum disease called periodontitis, which affects the deeper supporting tissues and is harder to reverse. That is why bleeding or inflamed gums are worth attending to rather than ignoring. A dentist can assess what is needed.

Plaque is the main driver of gingivitis, but several things can make a person more prone to it or make it harder to control. Smoking, some general health conditions such as diabetes, certain medications, and hormonal changes, for example during pregnancy, can all play a part.

These factors do not cause gingivitis on their own, but they can tip the balance, which is why a dentist looks at the wider picture rather than at the gums in isolation. Where one of these factors is relevant, it can be taken into account in the advice given.

Because gingivitis is driven by plaque, the most effective prevention is removing plaque thoroughly and regularly: brushing twice a day, cleaning between the teeth daily, and having professional cleanings as advised. A dentist or hygienist can show you techniques suited to your mouth.

Keeping up routine check-ups also means any early inflammation is spotted and dealt with before it has a chance to progress. Healthy gums are easier to keep healthy than to restore, so consistent daily care is the foundation.