Periodontitis

Periodontitis is an advanced form of gum disease. Where gingivitis is inflammation limited to the surface of the gums, periodontitis affects the deeper structures that support the teeth, including the bone. It usually develops when earlier, milder gum disease is not brought under control, allowing the problem to progress.

Because it involves the supporting tissues, its effects, such as lost bone support, are not fully reversible. The focus of care is on stopping it progressing and keeping the remaining support healthy.

As gum disease advances, plaque and hardened deposits can build up below the gum line, and small spaces called pockets can form between the gums and teeth. Over time this can affect the bone that holds the teeth in place. Smoking and some health conditions, such as diabetes, can make a person more prone to it.

Possible signs include persistent bad breath, gums that have receded so teeth look longer, increasing gaps, or teeth that feel loose. Some of these can appear gradually, which is why regular check-ups are valuable for catching changes.

Periodontitis is managed with professional treatment to clean below the gum line and remove the deposits driving the inflammation, alongside careful daily cleaning at home. Ongoing maintenance visits are usually an important part of keeping it stable. The aim is to halt progression and protect the support that remains.

Because the condition and its management vary from person to person, a dentist assesses the extent of it and advises on the right plan. Addressing contributing factors, such as smoking, can also make a difference.

Several things can make a person more prone to advanced gum disease or affect how it behaves. Smoking is a significant one, and some general health conditions, such as diabetes, are linked with gum health in both directions. Genetics, stress and certain medications can also play a part.

This connection between the gums and the rest of the body is one reason gum health is taken seriously. It also means that looking after general health, and being open with the dental team about it, can support gum treatment.

Periodontitis is generally a long-term condition that is managed rather than simply cured, so once it has been brought under control, keeping it stable is the goal. That usually means a programme of maintenance visits for professional cleaning, alongside careful daily care at home.

Skipping this ongoing care can allow the disease to become active again. A dentist sets out how often maintenance visits are recommended in your case, based on how the gums respond.